Since the release of Rachel Carson’ s Silent Spring in the 1960’ s, mankind has expanded its quest to come to grips with the competing virtues of human economic entropy and of maintaining the integrity and diversity of the natural environment. As awareness of environmental degradation has increased, so has the realization of the complexity of interconnected webs of relationships among organisms and the physical and chemical environment. With this awareness, we have also come to realize that environmental problems are not easily fixed by simply focusing on a single problem with no analysis of other issues.

This tendency to blindly solve environmental problems without understanding the full complexity of the problem was evident in the Environmental Protection Agency’ s (EPA) recent mandate that Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) be a required ingredient in gasoline formulas with the goal of increasing combustion efficiency. A fuel oxygenate, MTBE enhances the octane in gasoline and decreases carbon monoxide emission by increasing burning efficiencies. In its haste to declare MTBE as a required ingredient in gasoline, the EPA failed to consider a basic chemical property of MTBE and its long-term effects upon the environment. Because MTBE is highly water-soluble, it dissolves in water, leading to higher concentrations of MTBE in many lakes in the California Sierra Nevada mountains and in many groundwater supplies. Hence, by addressing only one component of a system separately, the EPA failed to see the ramifications of our apparent solution. This myopic approach to environmental remediation commonly subverts our good intentions to solve environmental problems and demonstrates a lack of understanding of how inter-related systems work. It is my goal to aid in our understanding of environmental pollution on a global scale by not only researching the fate and transport of contaminants, but also by analyzing how our current philosophies and policies affect these problems. By applying an interdisciplinary approach to both the specific scientific and technical aspects of a problem and by thoroughly analyzing social and cultural factors, I believe I can more effectively in analyze the true extent of our pollution problem and help to determine an appropriate response.

In preparation for this work, my undergraduate degree in environmental studies has provided me with a solid foundation in both the sciences and state and federal environmental policy. My undergraduate emphasis in hazardous materials has given me a broad knowledge of the types of chemical releases common in both developed and undeveloped countries and their chemical and physical effects upon the environment. Through graduate and post-graduate research, I hope to further enhance this knowledge by studying the effects of chemicals commonly used in industry cycles on specific environmental compartments such as bay wetlands and partitioning to other compartments such as XXXX. In my graduate study, I would also like to expand my undergraduate study of environmental law by increasing my knowledge of the law to the area of land use and its relationship to contaminant fate and transport.

In addition to my academic background, I believe that my work experience will also play a key role in helping me find success in my graduate and post-graduate studies. For the last ten years I have held a number of management positions in business. While these positions have not specifically related to environmental work, the experience has provided me with invaluable insight into how both large and small companies operate. The perspective of business management is badly needed in the environmental field where time and again we discover that environmental compliance can best be achieved by understanding business practices and tailoring compliance measures so that companies can remain profitable and be environmentally responsible.

In addition to understanding the perspectives of business management, my work experience has provided me with other skills that will contribute to my success in the graduate program. In 1986,I founded a retail product/services company, Bay Area Audio, which specialized in commercial media center design and installation. As the company’ s president over a six-year period, I was responsible for managing all aspects of operations, including marketing and customer relations. This experience provided me with the opportunity to conduct market research to cultivate new customers, engage in media relations, grow profitability while maintaining budget accountability, and manage large groups of people. As a result of the marketing campaigns that I developed, revenues increased from $100,000 in 1986 to over $2 million in 1991. I believe the experience in market research and media relations will be particularly helpful in the environmental field since many environmental issues involve public participation.

In 1991,I sold my interest in Bay Area Audio to gain experience in the high-technology sector. Since 1991,I have held a number of management positions for computer hardware and software companies. This experience has been invaluable in providing me the opportunity to be involved in leading edge Internet software technology. As the main purpose of the Internet and internet-related software is to enhance communications, I have played a key role in developing products that provide people with one of today’ s most valuable resources - information. Working in this market has also given me the opportunity to manage large software projects involving dozens of people. Of particular relevance to my pursuit of post-graduate environmental studies, is my experience developing global scale corporate websites for companies such as Silicon Graphics, UltraTech Stepper, and Philips Semiconductors. These projects involved working closely with the particular company’ s environmental, health, and safety departments to effectively communicate health and safety information to thousands of employees. I believe that the Internet will be an invaluable tool in both the research and implementation of environmental solutions and that my experience in the computer field will prove invaluable towards this end.

In conclusion, I believe that I have much to offer San Jose State’ s graduate environmental studies program. To successfully come to grips with environmental contamination, we must understand how a specific problem fits within a larger framework from both an ecological and social perspective. I believe that the combination of my educational background with my work experience will provide me with the essential tools to substantially contribute to workable and successful solutions. Given the opportunity to pursue graduate work in environmental studies, I will contribute to effectively bringing new information to light on environmental problems and their solutions, accounting for all related cultural, industrial and environmental factors. Overall, I believe that San Jose State can help me achieve my goals by providing the advanced tools and knowledge necessary to focus on environmental problems utilizing an interdisciplinary approach so as to have an overall positive net impact on protecting the environment for generations to come.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

作為一篇研究生申請(qǐng)的PS，本文以其邏輯的清晰、內(nèi)容的豐富和語(yǔ)言的平實(shí)給人留下深刻的印象。申請(qǐng)人已經(jīng)有了10年以上的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是卻是從事傳媒和計(jì)算機(jī)工作，可以說(shuō)表面上看來(lái)與自己要申請(qǐng)的專業(yè)相距甚遠(yuǎn)，而本科的背景也可能在無(wú)關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)面前變得無(wú)足輕重了。但是經(jīng)過(guò)申請(qǐng)人巧妙的安排，將劣勢(shì)逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢(shì)，這也是相同背景申請(qǐng)者要注意的問(wèn)題。

文章以一本書(shū)來(lái)引出自己的觀點(diǎn)，即是環(huán)境與信息量，與周圍因素關(guān)聯(lián)性的問(wèn)題，隨后舉出實(shí)例---EPA對(duì)MTBE的要求來(lái)證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，也就是單純解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題是不足夠的，還要以一個(gè)全局的系統(tǒng)的眼光來(lái)考慮各種諸如社會(huì)、技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等因素，從而順理成章地引出自己的背景。在闡述了自己兩階段的工作，以及簡(jiǎn)要分析工作與環(huán)境保護(hù)的聯(lián)系之后，直接緊扣要申請(qǐng)的大學(xué)談自己可能會(huì)有的貢獻(xiàn)，并且首尾呼應(yīng)，組成一個(gè)完整的整體。可以說(shuō)在邏輯清楚，主線明確，是很有說(shuō)服力的。

不足之處在于談?wù)撟陨砉ぷ鞯臅r(shí)候，沒(méi)有緊扣住擅長(zhǎng)的地方作一個(gè)闡述，而是流于泛泛而談；同時(shí)最后一段的收尾比較平庸，沒(méi)有結(jié)合學(xué)校的特點(diǎn)，寫(xiě)得較虛，未免有頭重腳輕之感。

譯文：

自從雷切爾.卡森在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)表了著作《寂靜的春天》，人們?cè)絹?lái)越傾向于掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)信息分布和保護(hù)自然環(huán)境完整性和多樣性這二者間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性因素。就在對(duì)環(huán)境惡化加深認(rèn)識(shí)的時(shí)候，對(duì)于生物有機(jī)體、物理和化學(xué)環(huán)境之間關(guān)聯(lián)復(fù)雜性的認(rèn)知也在上升?；谶@種認(rèn)知，我們也會(huì)明白只解決一個(gè)單獨(dú)的問(wèn)題，而不考慮其他方面的聯(lián)系，環(huán)境問(wèn)題是不可能解決的。

這種盲目的只解決單個(gè)問(wèn)題，而不考慮全局復(fù)雜性的觀念還很普遍。例如，最近環(huán)境保護(hù)局（EPA）頒布規(guī)定，要求將甲基特丁基乙醚 (MTBE)添加進(jìn)汽油，作為一種必要成分來(lái)提高燃油率。作為氧化燃料，MTBE的確能夠提高汽油中的辛烷和減少一氧化碳排放量；然而同時(shí)，EPA卻沒(méi)有考慮MTBE的基本化學(xué)性質(zhì)和其對(duì)環(huán)境的長(zhǎng)期影響——MTBE高度溶于水，加州內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈的眾多湖泊和地下水就是因?yàn)檫@一點(diǎn)才備受關(guān)注。因此，EPA只考慮整個(gè)系統(tǒng)里的一個(gè)成分，卻沒(méi)能考慮到這一舉措的可能影響。這一目光短淺的“環(huán)?！贝胧┳屛覀冏非蟓h(huán)保的良好愿望落空，還說(shuō)明該組織對(duì)互相聯(lián)系的系統(tǒng)缺乏了解。我的目標(biāo)就是通過(guò)研究致污物的源頭和傳輸，以及分析我們現(xiàn)存哲學(xué)和政策對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的影響，從而促進(jìn)全球?qū)Νh(huán)境污染的認(rèn)識(shí)。我將使用跨學(xué)科方法來(lái)解決細(xì)節(jié)性的技術(shù)問(wèn)題，并詳盡地分析具體社會(huì)和文化因素，相信能有效地分析出問(wèn)題核心所在，得出合理的解決方案。

我本科學(xué)習(xí)的是環(huán)境學(xué)專業(yè)，無(wú)論在理論知識(shí)掌握，還是在州際和聯(lián)邦法律學(xué)習(xí)方面都打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。本科學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)材料的強(qiáng)調(diào)擴(kuò)大了我對(duì)各類化學(xué)材料在發(fā)達(dá)和不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的傳播情況和他們對(duì)環(huán)境的物理影響和化學(xué)影響的認(rèn)識(shí)。通過(guò)研究生和博士生階段的學(xué)習(xí)，我希望能通過(guò)研究工業(yè)上化學(xué)制品的一般應(yīng)用，尤其是對(duì)于特定的環(huán)境如海灣濕地，或是其他xxx等來(lái)擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)。同時(shí)，我也希望能繼續(xù)我在本科期間學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境法學(xué)習(xí)，掌握土地使用法，以及環(huán)境與污染源頭和傳輸?shù)年P(guān)系。

除了學(xué)術(shù)背景之外，我確信我的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)也有助于自己在研究階段的學(xué)習(xí)。近十年中，我擔(dān)任了多個(gè)管理職位。雖然這些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)未必全與環(huán)境問(wèn)題掛鉤，但是卻從公司運(yùn)作角度方面鍛煉了我看問(wèn)題的眼光和思考方式。環(huán)境研究很需要商業(yè)管理的角度，因?yàn)槲覀兂３?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有從商業(yè)實(shí)踐和具體措施的方面去考慮環(huán)境問(wèn)題，公司才能在保持盈利的情況下培養(yǎng)出環(huán)保責(zé)任感。

除此之外，我還具備了一個(gè)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。1986年，我創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)零售商品/服務(wù)公司，“海灣視聽(tīng)”，主要從事商業(yè)媒體設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)置服務(wù)。作為最高管理者，從銷售到客服，六年來(lái)我?guī)缀鯀⑴c了所有環(huán)節(jié)的工作，例如從事市場(chǎng)研究，發(fā)掘新的客戶群，建立媒體關(guān)系，在保持預(yù)算的前提下盈利，以及成為許多人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。從1986到1991年，公司納稅額從10萬(wàn)美圓升到超過(guò)2百萬(wàn)。因?yàn)樵S多環(huán)境問(wèn)題都有公眾參與的因素，因此這一市場(chǎng)研究和媒介關(guān)系背景也將有助于我的學(xué)習(xí)。

1991年，為了在高科技部門(mén)歷練，我離開(kāi)海灣視聽(tīng)。從那時(shí)起，我在多家計(jì)算機(jī)硬件和軟件公司擔(dān)當(dāng)管理職位，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件科技的前沿陣線鍛煉。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的軟件主要目的是促進(jìn)人際交流，因此我的主要職責(zé)就是開(kāi)發(fā)產(chǎn)品，提供人們當(dāng)今社會(huì)最寶貴的資源---信息。期間，我參與了許多大型軟件工程，曾經(jīng)為諸如Silicon Graphics, UltraTech Stepper, 和 Philips Semiconductors等公司開(kāi)發(fā)了全球性的企業(yè)網(wǎng)站。在這些工程中，我與每個(gè)公司的環(huán)境、健康和安全部門(mén)進(jìn)行了密切的與溝通，有效地與上千雇員傳達(dá)和交換健康和安全信息?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)無(wú)論是在環(huán)保研究還是措施執(zhí)行上都發(fā)揮了巨大的作用，而我在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也將更加促進(jìn)這一趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展。

總而言之，我相信我能為San Jose State的環(huán)境學(xué)碩士研究做出貢獻(xiàn)。為了成功地控制環(huán)境污染，我們必須以生態(tài)和社會(huì)的眼光來(lái)分析具體問(wèn)題在龐大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的地位和影響。而我的教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)將充分地幫助我去研究出可行而有效的環(huán)保措施。如果我有機(jī)會(huì)攻讀環(huán)境學(xué)的研究生，我將給環(huán)境問(wèn)題的研究帶來(lái)文化、工業(yè)和環(huán)境因素等新的信息。我相信San Jose State能提供給我先進(jìn)的工具和知識(shí)來(lái)研究環(huán)境問(wèn)題，掌握跨學(xué)科的方法，在為下一代保護(hù)環(huán)境的問(wèn)題上形成一個(gè)積極的網(wǎng)絡(luò)式影響。